Datasets

Futures

Introduction

This page explains how to request, manipulate, and visualize historical Futures data.

Create Subscriptions

Follow these steps to subscribe to a Future security:

  1. Load the assembly files and data types in their own cell.
    2. #load "../Initialize.csx"
  2. Import the data types.
    3. #load "../QuantConnect.csx"
#r "../Microsoft.Data.Analysis.dll"

using QuantConnect;
using QuantConnect.Data;
using QuantConnect.Algorithm;
using QuantConnect.Research;
using QuantConnect.Indicators;
using QuantConnect.Securities.Future;
using Microsoft.Data.Analysis;
  3. Create a QuantBook.
    4. var qb = new QuantBook();
    qb = QuantBook()
  4. Call the AddFutureadd_future method with a ticker, resolution, and contract rollover settings.
    5. var future = qb.AddFuture(Futures.Indices.SP500EMini, Resolution.Minute,
                dataNormalizationMode: DataNormalizationMode.BackwardsRatio,
                dataMappingMode: DataMappingMode.LastTradingDay,
                contractDepthOffset: 0);
    future = qb.add_future(Futures.Indices.SP_500_E_MINI, Resolution.MINUTE,
                data_normalization_mode = DataNormalizationMode.BACKWARDS_RATIO,
                data_mapping_mode = DataMappingMode.LAST_TRADING_DAY,
                contract_depth_offset = 0)

    To view the available tickers in the US Futures dataset, see Supported Assets.

    If you omit any of the arguments after the ticker, see the following table for their default values:

    ArgumentDefault Value
    resolutionResolution.MinuteResolution.MINUTE
    dataNormalizationModedata_normalization_modeDataNormalizationMode.AdjustedDataNormalizationMode.ADJUSTED
    dataMappingModedata_mapping_modeDataMappingMode.OpenInterest
    contractDepthOffsetcontract_depth_offset0
  5. (Optional) Set a contract filter.
    6. future.set_filter(0, 90);
    future.set_filter(0, 90)

    If you don't call the SetFilterset_filter method, the FutureHistoryfuture_history method won't return historical data.

If you want historical data on individual contracts and their OpenInterest, follow these steps to subscribe to individual Future contracts:

  1. Call the GetFuturesContractList method with the underlying Future Symbol and a datetimeDateTime.
    2. var startDate = new DateTime(2021,12,20);
var symbols = qb.FutureChainProvider.GetFutureContractList(future.Symbol, startDate);
    start_date = datetime(2021,12,20)
symbols = qb.future_chain_provider.get_future_contract_list(future.symbol, start_date)

    This method returns a list of Symbol objects that reference the Future contracts that were trading at the given time. If you set a contract filter with SetFilterset_filter, it doesn't affect the results of GetFutureContractListget_future_contract_list.

  2. Select the Symbol of the FutureContract object(s) for which you want to get historical data.

    3. For example, select the Symbol of the contract with the closest expiry.

    var contractSymbol = symbols.OrderBy(s => s.ID.Date).FirstOrDefault();
    contract_symbol = sorted(symbols, key=lambda s: s.id.date)[0]
  3. Call the AddFutureContractadd_future_contract method with an FutureContract Symbol and disable fill-forward.
    4. qb.AddFutureContract(contractSymbol, fillForward: false);
    qb.add_future_contract(contract_symbol, fill_forward = False)

    Disable fill-forward because there are only a few OpenInterest data points per day.

Get Historical Data

You need a subscription before you can request historical data for Futures contracts. On the time dimension, you can request an amount of historical data based on a trailing number of bars, a trailing period of time, or a defined period of time. On the contract dimension, you can request historical data for a single contract, a subset of the contracts you created subscriptions for in your notebook, or all of the contracts in your notebook.

These history requests return the prices and open interest of the Option contracts. They don't provide the implied volatility or Greeks. To get the implied volaility and Greeks, call the OptionChainoption_chain method or create some indicators.

Before you request historical data, call the SetStartDateset_start_date method with a datetimeDateTime to reduce the risk of look-ahead bias.

qb.SetStartDate(startDate);
qb.set_start_date(start_date)

If you call the SetStartDateset_start_date method, the date that you pass to the method is the latest date for which your history requests will return data.

Trailing Number of Bars

To get historical data for a number of trailing bars, call the Historyhistory method with the contract Symbol object(s) and an integer.

// Slice objects
var singleHistorySlice = qb.History(contractSymbol, 10);
var subsetHistorySlice = qb.History(new[] {contractSymbol}, 10);
var allHistorySlice = qb.History(10);

// TradeBar objects
var singleHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(contractSymbol, 10);
var subsetHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(new[] {contractSymbol}, 10);
var allHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(qb.Securities.Keys, 10);

// QuoteBar objects
var singleHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(contractSymbol, 10);
var subsetHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(new[] {contractSymbol}, 10);
var allHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(qb.Securities.Keys, 10);

// OpenInterest objects
var singleHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(contractSymbol, 400);
var subsetHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(new[] {contractSymbol}, 400);
var allHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(qb.Securities.Keys, 400);
# DataFrame of trade and quote data
single_history_df = qb.history(contract_symbol, 10)
subset_history_df = qb.history([contract_symbol], 10)
all_history_df = qb.history(qb.securities.keys(), 10)

# DataFrame of trade data
single_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, contract_symbol, 10)
subset_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, [contract_symbol], 10)s
all_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, qb.securities.keys(), 10)

# DataFrame of quote data
single_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, contract_symbol, 10)
subset_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, [contract_symbol], 10)
all_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, qb.securities.keys(), 10)

# DataFrame of open interest data
single_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, contract_symbol, 400)
subset_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, [contract_symbol], 400)
all_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, qb.securities.keys(), 400)

# Slice objects
all_history_slice = qb.history(10)

# TradeBar objects
single_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar](contract_symbol, 10)
subset_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar]([contract_symbol], 10)
all_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar](qb.securities.keys(), 10)

# QuoteBar objects
single_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar](contract_symbol, 10)
subset_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar]([contract_symbol], 10)
all_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar](qb.securities.keys(), 10)

# OpenInterest objects
single_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest](contract_symbol, 400)
subset_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest]([contract_symbol], 400)
all_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest](qb.securities.keys(), 400)

The preceding calls return the most recent bars, excluding periods of time when the exchange was closed.

To get historical data for the continous Futures contract, in the preceding history requests, replace contract_symbolcontractSymbol with future.Symbol.

Trailing Period of Time

To get historical data for a trailing period of time, call the Historyhistory method with the contract Symbol object(s) and a TimeSpantimedelta.

// Slice objects
var singleHistorySlice = qb.History(contractSymbol, TimeSpan.FromDays(3));
var subsetHistorySlice = qb.History(new[] {contractSymbol}, TimeSpan.FromDays(3));
var allHistorySlice = qb.History(10);

// TradeBar objects
var singleHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(contractSymbol, TimeSpan.FromDays(3));
var subsetHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(new[] {contractSymbol}, TimeSpan.FromDays(3));
var allHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(TimeSpan.FromDays(3));

// QuoteBar objects
var singleHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(contractSymbol, TimeSpan.FromDays(3), Resolution.Minute);
var subsetHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(new[] {contractSymbol}, TimeSpan.FromDays(3), Resolution.Minute);
var allHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(qb.Securities.Keys, TimeSpan.FromDays(3), Resolution.Minute);

// Tick objects
var singleHistoryTicks = qb.History(contractSymbol, TimeSpan.FromDays(3), Resolution.Tick);
var subsetHistoryTicks = qb.History(new[] {contractSymbol}, TimeSpan.FromDays(3), Resolution.Tick);
var allHistoryTicks = qb.History(qb.Securities.Keys, TimeSpan.FromDays(3), Resolution.Tick);

// OpenInterest objects
var singleHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(contractSymbol, TimeSpan.FromDays(2));
var subsetHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(new[] {contractSymbol}, TimeSpan.FromDays(2));
var allHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(qb.Securities.Keys, TimeSpan.FromDays(2));
# DataFrame of trade and quote data
single_history_df = qb.history(contract_symbol, timedelta(days=3))
subset_history_df = qb.history([contract_symbol], timedelta(days=3))
all_history_df = qb.history(qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=3))

# DataFrame of trade data
single_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, contract_symbol, timedelta(days=3))
subset_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, [contract_symbol], timedelta(days=3))
all_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=3))

# DataFrame of quote data
single_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, contract_symbol, timedelta(days=3))
subset_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, [contract_symbol], timedelta(days=3))
all_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=3))

# DataFrame of open interest data
single_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, contract_symbol, timedelta(days=3))
subset_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, [contract_symbol], timedelta(days=3))
all_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=3))

# Slice objects
all_history_slice = qb.history(timedelta(days=3))

# TradeBar objects
single_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar](contract_symbol, timedelta(days=3))
subset_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar]([contract_symbol], timedelta(days=3))
all_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar](qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=3))

# QuoteBar objects
single_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar](contract_symbol, timedelta(days=3), Resolution.MINUTE)
subset_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar]([contract_symbol], timedelta(days=3), Resolution.MINUTE)
all_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar](qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=3), Resolution.MINUTE) 

# Tick objects
single_history_ticks = qb.history[Tick](contract_symbol, timedelta(days=3), Resolution.TICK)
subset_history_ticks = qb.history[Tick]([contract_symbol], timedelta(days=3), Resolution.TICK)
all_history_ticks = qb.history[Tick](qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=3), Resolution.TICK)

# OpenInterest objects
single_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest](contract_symbol, timedelta(days=2))
subset_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest]([contract_symbol], timedelta(days=2))
all_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest](qb.securities.keys(), timedelta(days=2))

The preceding calls return the most recent bars, excluding periods of time when the exchange was closed.

To get historical data for the continous Futures contract, in the preceding history requests, replace contract_symbolcontractSymbol with future.Symbol.

Defined Period of Time

To get historical data for individual Futures contracts during a specific period of time, call the Historyhistory method with the Futures contract Symbol object(s), a start DateTimedatetime, and an end DateTimedatetime. The start and end times you provide are based in the notebook time zone.

var startTime = new DateTime(2021, 12, 1);
var endTime = new DateTime(2021, 12, 31);

// Slice objects
var singleHistorySlice = qb.History(contractSymbol, startTime, endTime);
var subsetHistorySlice = qb.History(new[] {contractSymbol}, startTime, endTime);
var allHistorySlice = qb.History(startTime, endTime);

// TradeBar objects
var singleHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(contractSymbol, startTime, endTime);
var subsetHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(new[] {contractSymbol}, startTime, endTime);
var allHistoryTradeBars = qb.History<TradeBar>(qb.Securities.Keys, startTime, endTime);

// QuoteBar objects
var singleHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(contractSymbol, startTime, endTime, Resolution.Minute);
var subsetHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(new[] {contractSymbol}, startTime, endTime, Resolution.Minute);
var allHistoryQuoteBars = qb.History<QuoteBar>(qb.Securities.Keys, startTime, endTime, Resolution.Minute);

// Tick objects
var singleHistoryTicks = qb.History<Tick>(contractSymbol, startTime, endTime, Resolution.Tick);
var subsetHistoryTicks = qb.History<Tick>(new[] {contractSymbol}, startTime, endTime, Resolution.Tick);
var allHistoryTicks = qb.History<Tick>(qb.Securities.Keys, startTime, endTime, Resolution.Tick);

// OpenInterest objects
var singleHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(contractSymbol, startTime, endTime);
var subsetHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(new[] {contractSymbol}, startTime, endTime);
var allHistoryOpenInterest = qb.History<OpenInterest>(qb.Securities.Keys, startTime, endTime);
start_time = datetime(2021, 12, 1)
end_time = datetime(2021, 12, 31)

# DataFrame of trade and quote data
single_history_df = qb.history(contract_symbol, start_time, end_time)
subset_history_df = qb.history([contract_symbol], start_time, end_time)
all_history_df = qb.history(qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time)

# DataFrame of trade data
single_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, contract_symbol, start_time, end_time)
subset_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, [contract_symbol], start_time, end_time)
all_history_trade_bar_df = qb.history(TradeBar, qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time)

# DataFrame of quote data
single_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, contract_symbol, start_time, end_time)
subset_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, [contract_symbol], start_time, end_time)
all_history_quote_bar_df = qb.history(QuoteBar, qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time)

# DataFrame of open interest data
single_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, contract_symbol, start_time, end_time)
subset_history_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, [contract_symbol], start_time, end_time)
all_history_trade_open_interest_df = qb.history(OpenInterest, qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time)

# TradeBar objects
single_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar](contract_symbol, start_time, end_time)
subset_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar]([contract_symbol], start_time, end_time)
all_history_trade_bars = qb.history[TradeBar](qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time)

# QuoteBar objects
single_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar](contract_symbol, start_time, end_time, Resolution.MINUTE)
subset_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar]([contract_symbol], start_time, end_time, Resolution.MINUTE)
all_history_quote_bars = qb.history[QuoteBar](qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time, Resolution.MINUTE)

# Tick objects
single_history_ticks = qb.history[Tick](contract_symbol, start_time, end_time, Resolution.TICK)
subset_history_ticks = qb.history[Tick]([contract_symbol], start_time, end_time, Resolution.TICK)
all_history_ticks = qb.history[Tick](qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time, Resolution.TICK)

# OpenInterest objects
single_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest](contract_symbol, start_time, end_time)
subset_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest]([contract_symbol], start_time, end_time)
all_history_open_interest = qb.history[OpenInterest](qb.securities.keys(), start_time, end_time)

To get historical data for the continous Futures contract, in the preceding history requests, replace contract_symbolcontractSymbol with future.Symbol.

To get historical data for all of the Futures contracts that pass your filter during a specific period of time, call the FutureHistoryfuture_history method with the Symbol object of the continuous Future, a start DateTimedatetime, and an end DateTimedatetime.

future_history = qb.future_history(future.Symbol, end_time-timedelta(days=2), end_time, Resolution.MINUTE, fill_forward=False, extended_market_hours=False)
var futureHistory = qb.FutureHistory(future.Symbol, endTime-TimeSpan.FromDays(2), endTime, Resolution.Minute, fillForward: False, extendedMarketHours: False);

The preceding calls return data that have a timestamp within the defined period of time.

Resolutions

The following table shows the available resolutions and data formats for Futures subscriptions:

ResolutionTradeBarQuoteBarTrade TickQuote Tick
TickTICKgreen checkgreen check
SecondSECONDgreen checkgreen check
MinuteMINUTEgreen checkgreen check
HourHOURgreen checkgreen check
DailyDAILYgreen checkgreen check

Markets

The following Market enumeration members are available for Futures:

Data Normalization

The data normalization mode doesn't affect data from history request for Futures contracts. If you change the data normalization mode, it won't change the outcome.

The following data normalization modes are available for continuous Futures contracts:

Wrangle Data

You need some historical data to perform wrangling operations. The process to manipulate the historical data depends on its data type. To display pandas objects, run a cell in a notebook with the pandas object as the last line. To display other data formats, call the print method.

You need some historical data to perform wrangling operations. Use LINQ to wrangle the data and then call the Console.WriteLine method in a Jupyter Notebook to display the data. The process to manipulate the historical data depends on its data type.

DataFrame Objects

If your history request returns a DataFrame, the DataFrame has the following index levels:

  1. Contract expiry
  2. Encoded contract Symbol
  3. The EndTimeend_time of the data sample

The columns of the DataFrame are the data properties. Depending on how you request data, the DataFrame may contain data for the continuous Futures contract. The continuous contract doesn't expire, so the default expiry date of December 30, 1899 doesn't have any practical meaning.

Historical data dataframe

To select the rows of the contract(s) that expire at a specific time, index the loc property of the DataFrame with the expiry time.

all_history_df.loc[datetime(2022, 3, 18, 13, 30)]
Historical data dataframe of selected date

If you remove the first index level, you can index the DataFrame with just the contract Symbol, similiar to how you would with non-derivative asset classes. To remove the first index level, call the droplevel method.

all_history_df.index = all_history_df.index.droplevel(0)
Historical data dataframe of dropped first column

To select the historical data of a single Futures contract, index the loc property of the DataFrame with the contract Symbol.

all_history_df.loc[contract_symbol]
DataFrame of one Futures

To select a column of the DataFrame, index it with the column name.

all_history_df.loc[contract_symbol]['close']
Series of close values

If you request historical data for multiple Futures contracts, you can transform the DataFrame so that it's a time series of close values for all of the Futures contracts. To transform the DataFrame, select the column you want to display for each Futures contract and then call the unstack method.

all_history_df['close'].unstack(level=0)

The DataFrame is transformed so that the column indices are the Symbol of each security and each row contains the close value.

Historical data dataframe with column indexed by symbols

The historical data methods don't return DataFrame objects, but you can create one for efficient vectorized data wrangling.

using Microsoft.Data.Analysis; 

var columns = new DataFrameColumn[] {
    new PrimitiveDataFrameColumn("Time", history.Select(x => x[contractSymbol].EndTime)),
    new DecimalDataFrameColumn(" Open", history.Select(x => x[contractSymbol].Open)),
    new DecimalDataFrameColumn(" High", history.Select(x => x[contractSymbol].High)),
    new DecimalDataFrameColumn(" Low", history.Select(x => x[contractSymbol].Low)),
    new DecimalDataFrameColumn(" Close", history.Select(x => x[contractSymbol].Close))
};
var df = new DataFrame(columns);
df
Historical C# dataframe

To select a particular column of the DataFrame, index it with the column name.

df[" close"]
Historical C# dataframe column

Slice Objects

If the Historyhistory method returns Slice objects, iterate through the Slice objects to get each one. The Slice objects may not have data for all of your Futures subscriptions. To avoid issues, check if the Slice contains data for your Futures contract before you index it with the Futures Symbol.

foreach (var slice in allHistorySlice) {
    if (slice.Bars.ContainsKey(contractSymbol))
    {
        var tradeBar = slice.Bars[contractSymbol];
    }
    if (slice.QuoteBars.ContainsKey(contractSymbol))
    {
        var quoteBar = slice.QuoteBars[contractSymbol];
    }
}
for slice in all_history_slice:
        if slice.bars.contains_key(contract_symbol):
        trade_bar = slice.bars[contract_symbol]
    if slice.quote_bars.contains_key(contract_symbol):
        quote_bar = slice.quote_bars[contract_symbol]

You can also iterate through each TradeBar and QuoteBar in the Slice.

foreach (var slice in allHistorySlice)
{
    foreach (var kvp in slice.Bars)
    {
        var symbol = kvp.Key;
        var tradeBar = kvp.Value;
    }
    foreach (var kvp in slice.QuoteBars)
    {
        var symbol = kvp.Key;
        var quoteBar = kvp.Value;
    }
}
for slice in all_history_slice:
    for kvp in slice.bars:
        symbol = kvp.key
        trade_bar = kvp.value
    for kvp in slice.quote_bars:
        symbol = kvp.key
        quote_bar = kvp.value

You can also use LINQ to select each TradeBar in the Slice for a given Symbol.

var tradeBars = allHistorySlice.Where(slice => slice.Bars.ContainsKey(contractSymbol)).Select(slice => slice.Bars[contractSymbol]);

TradeBar Objects

If the Historyhistory method returns TradeBar objects, iterate through the TradeBar objects to get each one.

foreach (var tradeBar in singleHistoryTradeBars)
{
    Console.WriteLine(tradeBar);
}
for trade_bar in single_history_trade_bars:
    print(trade_bar)

If the Historyhistory method returns TradeBars, iterate through the TradeBars to get the TradeBar of each Futures contract. The TradeBars may not have data for all of your Futures subscriptions. To avoid issues, check if the TradeBars object contains data for your security before you index it with the Futures Symbol.

foreach (var tradeBars in allHistoryTradeBars)
{
    if (tradeBars.ContainsKey(contractSymbol))
    {
        var tradeBar = tradeBars[contractSymbol];
    }
}
for trade_bars in all_history_trade_bars:
    if trade_bars.contains_key(contract_symbol):
        trade_bar = trade_bars[contract_symbol]

You can also iterate through each of the TradeBars.

foreach (var tradeBars in allHistoryTradeBars)
{
    foreach (var kvp in tradeBars)
    {
        var symbol = kvp.Key;
        var tradeBar = kvp.Value;
    }
}
for trade_bars in all_history_trade_bars:
    for kvp in trade_bars:
        symbol = kvp.Key
        trade_bar = kvp.Value

QuoteBar Objects

If the Historyhistory method returns QuoteBar objects, iterate through the QuoteBar objects to get each one.

foreach (var quoteBar in singleHistoryQuoteBars)
{
    Console.WriteLine(quoteBar);
}
for quote_bar in single_history_quote_bars:
    print(quote_bar)

If the Historyhistory method returns QuoteBars, iterate through the QuoteBars to get the QuoteBar of each Futures contract. The QuoteBars may not have data for all of your Futures subscriptions. To avoid issues, check if the QuoteBars object contains data for your security before you index it with the Futures Symbol.

foreach (var quoteBars in allHistoryQuoteBars)
{
    if (quoteBars.ContainsKey(contractSymbol))
    {
        var quoteBar = quoteBars[contractSymbol];
    }
}
for quote_bars in all_history_quote_bars:
    if quote_bars.contains_key(contract_symbol):
        quote_bar = quote_bars[contract_symbol]

You can also iterate through each of the QuoteBars.

foreach (var quoteBars in allHistoryQuoteBars)
{
    foreach (var kvp in quoteBars)
    {
        var symbol = kvp.Key;
        var quoteBar = kvp.Value;
    }
}
for quote_bars in all_history_quote_bars:
    for kvp in quote_bars:
        symbol = kvp.key
        quote_bar = kvp.value

Tick Objects

If the Historyhistory method returns TickTICK objects, iterate through the TickTICK objects to get each one.

foreach (var tick in singleHistoryTicks)
{
    Console.WriteLine(tick);
}
for tick in single_history_ticks:
    print(tick)

If the Historyhistory method returns Ticks, iterate through the Ticks to get the TickTICK of each Futures contract. The Ticks may not have data for all of your Futures subscriptions. To avoid issues, check if the Ticks object contains data for your security before you index it with the Futures Symbol.

foreach (var ticks in allHistoryTicks)
{
    if (ticks.ContainsKey(contractSymbol))
    {
        var tick = ticks[contractSymbol];
    }
}
for ticks in all_history_ticks:
    if ticks.contains_key(contract_symbol):
        ticks = ticks[contract_symbol]

You can also iterate through each of the Ticks.

foreach (var ticks in allHistoryTicks)
{
    foreach (var kvp in ticks)
    {
        var symbol = kvp.Key;
        var tick = kvp.Value;
    }
}
for ticks in all_history_ticks:
    for kvp in ticks:
        symbol = kvp.key
        tick = kvp.value

The Ticks objects only contain the last tick of each security for that particular timeslice

OpenInterest Objects

If the Historyhistory method returns OpenInterest objects, iterate through the OpenInterest objects to get each one.

foreach (var openInterest in singleHistoryOpenInterest)
{
    Console.WriteLine(openInterest);
}
for open_interest in single_history_open_interest:
    print(open_interest)

If the Historyhistory method returns a dictionary of OpenInterest objects, iterate through the dictionary to get the OpenInterest of each Futures contract. The dictionary of OpenInterest objects may not have data for all of your Futures contract subscriptions. To avoid issues, check if the dictionary contains data for your contract before you index it with the Futures contract Symbol.

foreach (var openInterestDict in allHistoryOpenInterest)
{
    if (openInterestDict.ContainsKey(contractSymbol))
    {
        var openInterest = openInterestDict[contractSymbol];
    }
}
for open_interest_dict in all_history_open_interest:
    if open_interest_dict.contains_key(contract_symbol):
        open_interest = open_interest_dict[contract_symbol]

You can also iterate through each of the OpenInterest dictionaries.

foreach (var openInterestDict in allHistoryOpenInterest)
{
    foreach (var kvp in openInterestDict)
    {
        var symbol = kvp.Key;
        var openInterest = kvp.Value;
    }
}
for open_interest_dict in all_history_open_interest:
    for kvp in open_interest_dict:
        symbol = kvp.key
        open_interest = kvp.value

FutureHistory Objects

The FutureHistoryfuture_history method returns a FutureHistory object. To get each slice in the FutureHistory object, iterate through it.

foreach (var slice in futureHistory)
{
    foreach (var kvp in slice.FuturesChains)
    {
        var continuousContractSymbol = kvp.Key;
        var chain = kvp.Value;
        foreach (var contract in chain)
        {
            
        }
    }
}
for slice in future_history:
    for continuous_contract_symbol, chain in slice.futures_chains.items(): 
        for contract in chain:
            pass

To convert the FutureHistory object to a DataFrame that contains the trade and quote information of each contract, call the GetAllData method.

future_history.get_all_data()

To get the expiration dates of all the contracts in an FutureHistory object, call the GetExpiryDates method.

future_history.get_expiry_dates()

Plot Data

You need some historical Futures data to produce plots. You can use many of the supported plotting librariesPlot.NET package to visualize data in various formats. For example, you can plot candlestick and line charts.

Candlestick Chart

Follow these steps to plot candlestick charts:

  1. Get some historical data.
    2. history = qb.history(contract_symbol, datetime(2021, 12, 1), datetime(2021, 12, 31), Resolution.DAILY)
    var history = qb.History<TradeBar>(contractSymbol, new DateTime(2021, 12, 1), new DateTime(2021, 12, 31), Resolution.Daily);
  2. Drop the first two index levels.
    3. history.index = history.index.droplevel([0, 1])
  3. Import the plotlyPlot.NET library.
    4. import plotly.graph_objects as go
    #r "../Plotly.NET.dll"
using Plotly.NET;
using Plotly.NET.LayoutObjects;
  4. Create a Candlestick.
    5. candlestick = go.Candlestick(x=history.index,
                             open=history['open'],
                             high=history['high'],
                             low=history['low'],
                             close=history['close'])
    var chart = Chart2D.Chart.Candlestick<decimal, decimal, decimal, decimal, DateTime, string>(
    history.Select(x => x.Open),
    history.Select(x => x.High),
    history.Select(x => x.Low),
    history.Select(x => x.Close),
    history.Select(x => x.EndTime)
);
  5. Create a Layout.
    6. layout = go.Layout(title=go.layout.Title(text=f'{contract_symbol.value} OHLC'),
                   xaxis_title='Date',
                   yaxis_title='Price',
                   xaxis_rangeslider_visible=False)
    LinearAxis xAxis = new LinearAxis();
xAxis.SetValue("title", "Time");
LinearAxis yAxis = new LinearAxis();
yAxis.SetValue("title", "Price ($)");
Title title = Title.init($"{contractSymbol} OHLC");

Layout layout = new Layout();
layout.SetValue("xaxis", xAxis);
layout.SetValue("yaxis", yAxis);
layout.SetValue("title", title);
  6. Create the Figure.
    7. fig = go.Figure(data=[candlestick], layout=layout)
  7. Assign the Layout to the chart.
    8. chart.WithLayout(layout);
  8. Show the Figure.
    9. fig.show()
    HTML(GenericChart.toChartHTML(chart))

    Candlestick charts display the open, high, low, and close prices of the contract.

Candlestick plot of ES18H22 OHLC Candlestick plot of ES18H22 OHLC

Line Chart

Follow these steps to plot line charts using built-in methodsPlotly.NET package:

  1. Get some historical data.
    2. history = qb.history(symbols, datetime(2021, 12, 1), datetime(2021, 12, 31), Resolution.DAILY)
    var history = qb.History<OpenInterest>(contractSymbol, new DateTime(2021, 12, 1), new DateTime(2021, 12, 31));
  2. Drop the first index level.
    3. history.index = history.index.droplevel(0)
  3. Select data to plot.
    4. closing_prices = history['close'].unstack(level=0)
  4. Rename the columns to be the Symbol of each contract.
    5. closing_prices.columns = [Symbol.get_alias(SecurityIdentifier.parse(x)) for x in closing_prices.columns]
  5. Call the plot method on the pandas object.
    6. closing_prices.plot(title="Close", figsize=(15, 8))
  6. Create Line charts.
    7. var chart = Chart2D.Chart.Line<DateTime, decimal, string>(
    history.Select(x => x.EndTime),
    history.Select(x => x.Value)
);
  7. Create a Layout.
    8. LinearAxis xAxis = new LinearAxis();
xAxis.SetValue("title", "Time");
LinearAxis yAxis = new LinearAxis();
yAxis.SetValue("title", "Open Interest");
Title title = Title.init($"{contractSymbol} Open Interest");

Layout layout = new Layout();
layout.SetValue("xaxis", xAxis);
layout.SetValue("yaxis", yAxis);
layout.SetValue("title", title);
  8. Assign the Layout to the chart.
    9. chart.WithLayout(layout);
  9. Show the plot.
    10. plt.show()
    HTML(GenericChart.toChartHTML(chart))

    Line charts display the value of the property you selected in a time series.

Line chart of close price of Future contracts Line chart of open interest of ES18H22

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