"""
SEL(stock selection part)
Based on the 'Momentum Strategy with Market Cap and EV/EBITDA' strategy introduced by Jing Wu, 6 Feb 2018
adapted and recoded by Jack Simonson, Goldie Yalamanchi, Vladimir, Peter Guenther, Leandro Maia and Simone Pantaleoni
https://www.quantconnect.com/forum/discussion/3377/momentum-strategy-with-market-cap-and-ev-ebitda/p1
https://www.quantconnect.com/forum/discussion/9678/quality-companies-in-an-uptrend/p1
https://www.quantconnect.com/forum/discussion/9632/amazing-returns-superior-stock-selection-strategy-superior-in-amp-out-strategy/p1

I/O(in & out part)
The Distilled Bear in & out algo
based on Dan Whitnable's 22 Oct 2020 algo on Quantopian. 
Dan's original notes: 
"This is based on Peter Guenther great “In & Out” algo.
Included Tentor Testivis recommendation to use volatility adaptive calculation of WAIT_DAYS and RET.
Included Vladimir's ideas to eliminate fixed constants
Help from Thomas Chang"

https://www.quantopian.com/posts/new-strategy-in-and-out
https://www.quantconnect.com/forum/discussion/9597/the-in-amp-out-strategy-continued-from-quantopian/
"""

from QuantConnect.Data.UniverseSelection import *
import math
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import scipy as sp

class EarningsFactorWithMomentum_InOut(QCAlgorithm):

    def Initialize(self):
        
        self.SetStartDate(2008, 1, 1)  #Set Start Date
        #self.SetEndDate(2008, 7, 31)  #Set Start Date
        self.cap = 100000
        self.SetCash(self.cap)
        
        res = Resolution.Hour
        
        # Test, remove TSLA
        self.TSLA = self.AddEquity('TSLA', res).Symbol
        self.removeTSLA = 0 # 1=remove vs 0=keep in Universe
        
        # Holdings
        ### 'Out' holdings and weights
        self.BND1 = self.AddEquity('TLT', res).Symbol #TLT; TMF for 3xlev
        self.quantity = {self.BND1: 0}
        
        ##### In & Out parameters #####
        # Feed-in constants
        self.INI_WAIT_DAYS = 15  # out for 3 trading weeks
        self.wait_days = self.INI_WAIT_DAYS
        
        # Market and list of signals based on ETFs
        self.MRKT = self.AddEquity('SPY', res).Symbol  # market
        self.QQQ = self.AddEquity('SPY', res).Symbol  # tech market
        self.GOLD = self.AddEquity('GLD', res).Symbol  # gold
        self.SLVA = self.AddEquity('SLV', res).Symbol  # vs silver
        self.UTIL = self.AddEquity('XLU', res).Symbol  # utilities
        self.INDU = self.AddEquity('XLI', res).Symbol  # vs industrials
        self.METL = self.AddEquity('DBB', res).Symbol  # input prices (metals)
        self.USDX = self.AddEquity('UUP', res).Symbol  # safe haven (USD)
        
        self.FORPAIRS = [self.GOLD, self.SLVA, self.UTIL, self.INDU, self.METL, self.USDX]
        
        # Specific variables
        self.DISTILLED_BEAR = 1#999
        self.BE_IN = 1#999
        self.BE_IN_PRIOR = 0
        self.VOLA_LOOKBACK = 126
        self.WAITD_CONSTANT = 85
        self.DCOUNT = 0 # count of total days since start
        self.OUTDAY = (-self.INI_WAIT_DAYS+1) # dcount when self.be_in=0, initial setting ensures trading right away
        
        # Variables for charts
        self.spy = []
        self.qqq = []
        self.benchmark = []
        self.portfolio_value = [self.cap] * 60
        self.year = self.Time.year
        self.saw_qqq_base = []
        self.saw_portfolio_base = []
        
        # set a warm-up period to initialize the indicator
        self.SetWarmUp(timedelta(350))
        
        ##### Momentum & fundamentals strategy parameters #####
        self.UniverseSettings.Resolution = res
        self.AddUniverse(self.UniverseCoarseFilter, self.UniverseFundamentalsFilter)
        self.num_coarse = 100 #200
        self.num_screener = 20 #100  # changed from 15
        self.num_stocks = 5 # lowered from 10
        self.formation_days = 126
        self.lowmom = False
        self.data = {}
        self.setrebalancefreq = 60 # X days, update universe and momentum calculation
        self.updatefinefilter = 0
        self.symbols = None
        self.reb_count = 0
        
        self.Schedule.On(
            self.DateRules.EveryDay(),
            self.TimeRules.AfterMarketOpen('SPY', 30), # reduced time 
            self.rebalance_when_out_of_the_market)
        
        self.Schedule.On(
            self.DateRules.EveryDay(), 
            self.TimeRules.BeforeMarketClose('SPY', 0), 
            self.record_vars)  
        
        # Setup daily consolidation
        symbols = [self.MRKT] + [self.QQQ] + self.FORPAIRS 
        for symbol in symbols:
            self.consolidator = TradeBarConsolidator(timedelta(days=1))
            self.consolidator.DataConsolidated += self.consolidation_handler
            self.SubscriptionManager.AddConsolidator(symbol, self.consolidator)
        
        # Warm up history
        self.lookback = 126
        self.history = self.History(symbols, self.lookback, Resolution.Daily)
        if self.history.empty or 'close' not in self.history.columns:
            return
        self.history = self.history['close'].unstack(level=0).dropna()
        
    def UniverseCoarseFilter(self, coarse):
        
        if not (((self.DCOUNT-self.reb_count)==self.setrebalancefreq) or (self.DCOUNT == self.OUTDAY + self.wait_days - 1)):
            self.updatefinefilter = 0
            return Universe.Unchanged
        
        self.updatefinefilter = 1
            
        # drop stocks which have no fundamental data or have too low prices
        selected = [x for x in coarse if (x.HasFundamentalData) and (float(x.Price) > 5)]
        # rank the stocks by dollar volume 
        filtered = sorted(selected, key=lambda x: x.DollarVolume, reverse=True)
        return [x.Symbol for x in filtered[:self.num_coarse]]
        
        
    def UniverseFundamentalsFilter(self, fundamental):
        if self.updatefinefilter == 0:
            return Universe.Unchanged
            
        filtered_fundamental = [x for x in fundamental if (x.ValuationRatios.EVToEBITDA > 0) 
                                        and (x.EarningReports.BasicAverageShares.ThreeMonths > 0) 
                                        and float(x.EarningReports.BasicAverageShares.ThreeMonths) * x.Price > 2e9
                                        and x.SecurityReference.IsPrimaryShare
                                        and x.SecurityReference.SecurityType == "ST00000001"
                                        and x.SecurityReference.IsDepositaryReceipt == 0
                                        and x.CompanyReference.IsLimitedPartnership == 0]

        top = sorted(filtered_fundamental, key = lambda x: x.ValuationRatios.EVToEBITDA, reverse=True)[:self.num_screener]
        if self.removeTSLA==1:
            self.symbols = [x.Symbol for x in top if x.Symbol!=self.TSLA]
        else:
            self.symbols = [x.Symbol for x in top]
        self.updatefinefilter = 0
        self.reb_count = self.DCOUNT
        return self.symbols

    
    def OnSecuritiesChanged(self, changes):
        
        #for security in changes.RemovedSecurities:
        #    symbol_data = self.data.pop(security.Symbol, None)
        #    if symbol_data:
        #        symbol_data.dispose()
        
        #for security in changes.AddedSecurities:
        #    if security.Symbol not in self.data:
        #        self.data[security.Symbol] = SymbolData(security.Symbol, self.formation_days, self)
    
        addedSymbols = []
        for security in changes.AddedSecurities:
            addedSymbols.append(security.Symbol)
            if security.Symbol not in self.data:
                self.data[security.Symbol] = SymbolData(security.Symbol, self.formation_days, self)
   
        if len(addedSymbols) > 0:
            history = self.History(addedSymbols, 1 + self.formation_days, Resolution.Daily).loc[addedSymbols]
            for symbol in addedSymbols:
                try:
                    self.data[symbol].Warmup(history.loc[symbol])
                except:
                    self.Debug(str(symbol))
                    continue
    
    def consolidation_handler(self, sender, consolidated):
        self.history.loc[consolidated.EndTime, consolidated.Symbol] = consolidated.Close
        self.history = self.history.iloc[-self.lookback:]

        
    def derive_vola_waitdays(self):
        volatility = 0.6 * np.log1p(self.history[[self.MRKT]].pct_change()).std() * np.sqrt(252)
        wait_days = int(volatility * self.WAITD_CONSTANT)
        returns_lookback = int((1.0 - volatility) * self.WAITD_CONSTANT)
        return wait_days, returns_lookback
 
        
    def rebalance_when_out_of_the_market(self):
        self.wait_days, returns_lookback = self.derive_vola_waitdays()
        
        ## Check for Bears
        returns = self.history.pct_change(returns_lookback).iloc[-1]
    
        silver_returns = returns[self.SLVA]
        gold_returns = returns[self.GOLD]
        industrials_returns = returns[self.INDU]
        utilities_returns = returns[self.UTIL]
        metals_returns = returns[self.METL]
        dollar_returns = returns[self.USDX]
        
        self.DISTILLED_BEAR = (((gold_returns > silver_returns) and
                       (utilities_returns > industrials_returns)) and 
                       (metals_returns < dollar_returns)
                       )
        
        # Determine whether 'in' or 'out' of the market
        if self.DISTILLED_BEAR:
            self.BE_IN = False
            self.OUTDAY = self.DCOUNT
            
            if self.quantity[self.BND1] == 0:
                for symbol in self.quantity.copy().keys():
                    if symbol == self.BND1: continue
                    self.Order(symbol, - self.quantity[symbol])
                    self.Debug([str(self.Time), str(symbol), str(-self.quantity[symbol])])
                    del self.quantity[symbol]
                quantity = self.Portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue / self.Securities[self.BND1].Close
                self.quantity[self.BND1] = math.floor(quantity)
                self.Order(self.BND1, self.quantity[self.BND1])
                self.Debug([str(self.Time), str(self.BND1), str(self.quantity[self.BND1])])
        
            
        if (self.DCOUNT >= self.OUTDAY + self.wait_days):
            self.BE_IN = True
        
        # Update stock ranking/holdings, when swithing from 'out' to 'in' plus every X days when 'in' (set rebalance frequency)
        if (self.BE_IN and not self.BE_IN_PRIOR) or (self.BE_IN and (self.DCOUNT==self.reb_count)):
            self.rebalance()
                
        self.BE_IN_PRIOR = self.BE_IN
        self.DCOUNT += 1
        
        self.create_charts()


    def rebalance(self):
            
        if self.symbols is None: return
        chosen_df = self.calc_return(self.symbols)
        chosen_df = chosen_df.iloc[:self.num_stocks]
        
        if self.quantity[self.BND1] > 0:
            self.Order(self.BND1, - self.quantity[self.BND1])
            self.Debug([str(self.Time), str(self.BND1), str(-self.quantity[self.BND1])])
            self.quantity[self.BND1] = 0
            
        weight = 1 / self.num_stocks
        for symbol in self.quantity.copy().keys():
            if symbol == self.BND1: continue
            if not self.CurrentSlice.ContainsKey(symbol) or self.CurrentSlice[symbol] is None:
                continue
            if symbol not in chosen_df.index:
                self.Order(symbol, - self.quantity[symbol])
                self.Debug([str(self.Time), str(symbol), str(-self.quantity[symbol])])
                del self.quantity[symbol]
            else:
                quantity = self.Portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue * weight / self.Securities[symbol].Close
                if math.floor(quantity) != self.quantity[symbol]:
                    self.Order(symbol, math.floor(quantity) - self.quantity[symbol])
                    self.Debug([str(self.Time), str(symbol), str(math.floor(quantity) -self.quantity[symbol])])
                    self.quantity[symbol] = math.floor(quantity)
        
        for symbol in chosen_df.index:
            if not self.CurrentSlice.ContainsKey(symbol) or self.CurrentSlice[symbol] is None:
                continue
            if symbol not in self.quantity.keys():
                quantity = self.Portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue * weight / self.Securities[symbol].Close
                self.quantity[symbol] = math.floor(quantity)
                self.Order(symbol, self.quantity[symbol])
                self.Debug([str(self.Time), str(symbol), str(self.quantity[symbol])])
 
        
    def calc_return(self, stocks):
        #ready = [self.data[symbol] for symbol in stocks if self.data[symbol].Roc.IsReady]
        #sorted_by_roc = sorted(ready, key=lambda x: x.Roc.Current.Value, reverse = not self.lowmom)
        #return [symbol_data.Symbol for symbol_data in sorted_by_roc[:self.num_stocks] ]

        ret = {}
        for symbol in stocks:
            try:
                ret[symbol] = self.data[symbol].Roc.Current.Value
            except:
                self.Debug(str(symbol))
                continue
            
        df_ret = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(ret, orient='index')
        df_ret.columns = ['return']
        sort_return = df_ret.sort_values(by = ['return'], ascending = self.lowmom)
        
        return sort_return
    
        
    def record_vars(self): 
        pass
        
        
    def create_charts(self):
        # Record variables
        ### SPY benchmark
        self.spy.append(self.history[self.MRKT].iloc[-1])
        spy_perf = self.spy[-1] / self.spy[0] * self.cap
        self.Plot('Strategy Equity', 'SPY', spy_perf)
        
        ### Annual saw tooth return comparison: Portfolio VS QQQ
        self.portfolio_value.append(self.Portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue)
        if (self.DCOUNT==1) or (self.Time.year!=self.year):
            self.saw_qqq_base = self.history[self.QQQ].iloc[-1]
            self.saw_portfolio_base = self.Portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue
        self.benchmark = self.history[self.QQQ].iloc[-1]
        saw_qqq_return = (self.benchmark / self.saw_qqq_base -1)
        saw_portfolio_return = self.portfolio_value[-1] / self.saw_portfolio_base - 1
        self.Plot('Annual Saw Tooth Returns: Portfolio VS QQQ', 'Annual portfolio return', round(saw_portfolio_return, 4))
        self.Plot('Annual Saw Tooth Returns: Portfolio VS QQQ', 'Annual QQQ return', round(float(saw_qqq_return), 4))
        
        ### IN/Out indicator and wait days
        self.Plot("In Out", "in_market", int(self.BE_IN))
        self.Plot("Wait Days", "waitdays", self.wait_days)
        
        ### Leverage
        account_leverage = self.Portfolio.TotalHoldingsValue / self.Portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue
        self.Plot('Leverage', 'leverage', round(account_leverage, 4))
   
        self.year = self.Time.year
    
        
class SymbolData(object):
    def __init__(self, symbol, roc, algorithm):
        self.Symbol = symbol
        self.Roc = RateOfChange(roc)
        self.algorithm = algorithm
        
        self.consolidator = algorithm.ResolveConsolidator(symbol, Resolution.Daily)
        algorithm.RegisterIndicator(symbol, self.Roc, self.consolidator)
        
    def Warmup(self, history):
        for index, row in history.iterrows():
            self.Roc.Update(index, row['close'])